“When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, ‘Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these?’ He said to him, ‘Yes, Lord; you know that I love you.’ He said to him, ‘Feed my lambs.’ 16 He said to him a second time, ‘Simon, son of John, do you love me?’ He said to him, ‘Yes, Lord; you know that I love you.’ He said to him, ‘Tend my sheep.’ 17 He said to him the third time, ‘Simon, son of John, do you love me?’ Peter was grieved because he said to him the third time, ‘Do you love me?’ and he said to him, ‘Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.’ Jesus said to him, ‘Feed my sheep.'” John 21:15-17
This little interaction between Peter and Jesus is one that has really spoken to me during this year’s bible reading. Coming to the realization that I don’t often see Jesus as King also makes me realize that I fall short in my love for Him. And if I fall short in my love for Him then how does that make my love for others fall short?
I first want to set up the scene (John 21:1-12). Jesus has risen from the dead and has revealed Himself to His disciples several times. We see that Peter, Nathanael, the sons of Zebedee and two others were fishing in the Sea of Tiberias. They fished all night but didn’t catch anything (verses 2-3). Jesus appears on the shore and calls out to them asking if they have caught any fish. When they say they haven’t Jesus tells them to, “‘Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and you will find some.’ So they cast it, and now they were not able to haul it in, because of the quantity of fish” (verse 6). The disciples recognize that it is Jesus who is talking to them and immediately head for shore. Peter is so excited that he literally jumps into the sea and swims to shore. Jesus has already prepared a breakfast for them but asks them to bring the fish they caught (verses 9-10). Jesus then says, “Come and have breakfast” (verse 12).
Jesus inviting them to have breakfast with Him is significant. The Bible Hub says of this, “The meal signifies fellowship and restoration, a common theme in Jesus’ post-resurrection appearances. Meals in Jewish culture were significant for community and reconciliation.” Jesus was bringing them into unity through community and reconciliation. This would be important for Peter who had denied Jesus three times before Jesus died on the cross. This is after Peter had previously told Jesus he loved Him more than any of the other disciples (Matthew 26:33).
Let’s look at the three loves that Jesus asks Peter.
Love #1 (verse 15): ‘Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these?’
What is Jesus asking Peter? Was He asking Peter to compare His love to those of his fellow disciples? His fishing job? Did Peter still feel proud of the love and devotion he had to Jesus as he did when he claimed to love him more than the other disciples? I think Jesus was helping Peter begin to evaluate what his priorities were and to whom he shared his affections. The word ‘love’ in this verse comes from the Greek word ‘agape’. Agape love is a selfish and sacrificial love.
Peter’s Answer: ‘Yes, Lord; you know that I love you.’
Peter answers by using the Greek word ‘phileo’ for love. This kind of love is more of a brotherly or friendship love. It’s a mutual affection between friends who share common values and experiences.
Jesus Commands: ‘Feed my lambs.’
Jesus now shares how Peter should love others. ‘Lambs’ are baby sheep which would represent new believers. Believers who are so young in the faith that they are vulnerable and need protection and care. Jesus is telling Peter that he has been restored and is trustworthy. He is also telling Peter that he is called into service through leadership.
Love #2 (verse 16): ‘Simon, son of John, do you love me?’
Jesus repeats his question with the same use of the Greek word ‘agape’ love (a selfish and sacrificial love). Jesus is making it clear that love for Him is the foundation for everything in the Church.
Peter’s Answer: ‘Yes, Lord; you know that I love you.’
Again Peter responds with the Greek word ‘phileo’ love (a brotherly or friendship love). Peter is letting Jesus know that He understands that Jesus knows the hearts of all people (John 2:24-25).
Jesus Commands: ‘Tend my sheep.’
Here Jesus is reinstating and now commissioning Peter to be a leader of the Church. Shepherds are those who care for sheep just like church leaders care for the member of their church. Jesus was calling Peter to protect, guide and care for believers.
Love #3 (verse 17): ‘Simon, son of John, do you love me?’
His question continues to focus on the selfish and sacrificial ‘agape’ love. This love is central to the Christian faith.
Peter’s Answer: ‘Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.’
Peter was grieved that Jesus was asking him this question a third time. The Bible Hub says that, “Peter’s hurt reflects his awareness of his past failures and the depth of his remorse. This moment is a test of Peter’s sincerity and commitment. The emotional response indicates the seriousness of the restoration process and the personal nature of discipleship. It also highlights the human aspect of Peter, making him relatable to believers who struggle with their own shortcomings.”
Jesus Commands: ‘Feed my sheep.’
This goes along with tending my sheep as it continues to imply that Peter will move into pastoral care as he teaches and guides believers to know Jesus as the Good Shepherd.
This passage has so many golden nuggets:
• It reminds us that God has a divine knowledge of our hearts.
• It talks about forgiveness and restoration. We know that our past failures doesn’t mean we can’t serve and love others.
• It reminds us that the foundation of all we do must be love.
• It reminds us of how we love others – tending to them like a shepherd: We care for the new and vulnerable believers. Some of us become shepherds in a pastoral and/or teaching positions as we teach (feed) God’s Word. Are we loving on people in a way that they feel protected, guided and cared for?
The truth is that we can only love others as much as we love the Lord. When we seek to imitate Jesus what comes out of us will be a love that grows for others. Jesus had a servant’s heart so that’s the kind of heart we need to have. Nicky Gumbel says of this, “It is a commitment to help people, whatever we feel about them, to grow in their love for Jesus, not seeking to control them but to liberate them. Jesus calls you to the same kind of love. Express your passionate love for Jesus by a passionate love for other people, giving yourself to take care of his sheep.”
How well are we being good sheep? Are we seeking to follow Jesus in a way that causes us to draw others into the sheepfold?